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Indlela yokukhetha nokugqoka izibuko zelanga?

Izibuko zelanga nazo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-sunshades. Ezindaweni zasehlobo nasezintabeni, abantu bavame ukugqoka izibuko zelanga ukuze bagweme ukushukunyiswa ukukhanya okunamandla futhi bavimbele ukulimala kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet emehlweni. Ngokuthuthuka kwezinga lokuphila, abantu bawazisa kakhulu amehlo abo. Emisebeni yelanga, imisebe ye-ultraviolet iyingozi emehlweni. Okuqukethwe yimisebe ye-ultraviolet emisebeni yelanga efinyelela ebusweni bomhlaba kwenza cishe u-7%. I-cornea ne-lens yeso lomuntu yizicubu ze-ocular ezisengozini yokulimala kwe-UV. I-Cataract yisifo se-ophthalmic esihlobene eduze nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Izifo zamehlo ezifana ne-solar keratitis, ukulimala kwe-corneal endothelial, i-eye macular discoloration, ne-retinitis konke kuhlobene nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Izibuko zelanga ezifanelekayo zinomsebenzi wokuvimbela imisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye ne-infrared. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi ukugqoka izibuko zelanga ehlobo kungenye yezindlela eziphumelelayo zokuvikela amehlo emisebeni ye-ultraviolet.

Izibuko zelanga ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: ezinombala okhanyayo nomnyama, futhi zihlanganisa imibala ehlukahlukene. Ukuze wahlulele ikhwalithi yezibuko zelanga, kufanele kugxilwe ezinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezimbalwa njengamandla e-vertex namandla eprism, izici ze-transmittance ratio, ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokukhubazeka kwangaphakathi, ukunemba kokuhlanganiswa kanye nezidingo zokubunjwa.

Ipheya elihle lezibuko zelanga lingaba umthunzi futhi lihlobise ingaphandle lakho. Kodwa emakethe, isimo sangempela asikho ithemba. Abanye abadayisi bayakhohlwa ngenzuzo, basebenzisa ithuba lokungaqondi kwabathengi izinga lezibuko zelanga, futhi basebenzisa ingilazi yefasitela esezingeni eliphansi, enenani eliphansi noma ezinye izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi ukwenza izibuko. Lezi zinto zinokufana okungekuhle, ziqukethe ama-streaks, amabhamuza nokunye ukungcola, azikwazi ukuvimba imisebe ye-ultraviolet, futhi azihlangabezani nezidingo zomzimba zeso lomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamashidi epulasitiki aphansi anokudlulisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo okuphansi kakhulu kodwa ukudluliswa kwe-ultraviolet ephezulu ukwenza izibuko zelanga kuzodala ukulimala kubathengi.

Indlela yokukhetha nokugqoka izibuko zelanga? Ochwepheshe bakhumbuza abathengi ukuthi banganaki kuphela isitayela sezibuko zelanga, kodwa futhi nekhwalithi yabo yemvelo. Ezingilazini zelanga ezifanelekile, ukudluliswa kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet yamagagasi amade enobude obuphakathi kuka-315nm no-380nm akumele kudlule u-10%, futhi ukudluliswa kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet yamaza aphakathi nendawo enobude obuphakathi kuka-280nm no-315nm kufanele kube uziro. Ukugqoka lolu hlobo lwezibuko zelanga kungavikela i-cornea, ilensi kanye ne-retina yamehlo ekulimaleni kwe-UV. Ezinye izibuko zelanga ezishibhile azikwazi nje ukuhlunga imisebe ye-ultraviolet, kodwa futhi zivimbela ukukhanya okubonakalayo, okwenza ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet kugqame kakhulu. Kungcono ukungagqoki izibuko zelanga ezinjalo eziphansi.

Izibuko zelanga zingezochungechunge lwesibuko esiyisicaba. Ngokwamazinga kazwelonke, izibuko zelanga zivunyelwe kuphela ukuba ne-diopter ye-plus noma minus degrees 8, futhi ngale kwalolu hlu lwamaphutha kukhona umkhiqizo ongekho ezingeni. Ngokusho kokutholwa kwezibuko zelanga emakethe ngabacwaningi, cishe u-30% wezibuko zelanga zine-diopter edlula ukubekezelelana, kanti ezinye ziphakeme ngisho nangama-degree angu-20. Ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi abathengi ababona kahle bagqoka lolu hlobo lwezibuko, njengokugqoka ipheya ye-myopia noma izibuko ze-hyperopia. Ngemuva kwehlobo, abathengi "bazoqeqeshelwa" iziguli ze-myopia noma i-hyperopia ngezibuko zelanga ezisezingeni eliphansi. Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nesiyezi, isicanucanu, nokucwebezela ngemva kokugqoka izibuko zelanga, kufanele uyeke ukuzigqoka ngokushesha.