Izinto Ezine Okufanele Uzicabange Ngaphambi Kokwazi Ngezibuko Zelanga

1.Ziyini izibuko zelanga

Izibuko zelanga, ezibizwa nangokuthi izibuko zelanga, zisetshenziselwa ukuthungatha ilanga. Abantu bavame ukulungisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo ngokulungisa usayizi womfundi elangeni. Lapho amandla okukhanya edlula amandla okulungisa amehlo omuntu, kuzodala umonakalo emehlweni omuntu.

Ngakho-ke, emisebenzini yangaphandle, ikakhulukazi ehlobo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izibuko ze-sunshade ukuze uvimbele ilanga ukuze unciphise ukukhathala okubangelwa ukulungiswa kwamehlo noma umonakalo obangelwa ukugqugquzela ukukhanya okunamandla.

Ngakho izibuko zelanga bekufanele zibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwethu. Singagqoka izibuko zelanga ehlobo elishisayo, sigqoke izibuko zelanga lapho sishayela, futhi sigqoke izibuko zelanga lapho sizithwebula. Kupholile, futhi kulula ukuphatha izibuko. Abesifazane bangafaka izibuko ezikhwameni zabo zikaseyili kanye nezikhwama zokuthenga. Uma uyindoda, ungawafaka ephaketheni lesudi yakho. Ungakwazi futhi ukuyibeka emotweni yakho ngenkathi ushayela, njll. Noma kunjalo, izibuko zelanga zilungele ukusetshenziswa

Ngakho izibuko zelanga bekufanele zibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwethu. Ungakwazi ukugqoka izibuko zelanga ehlobo elishisayo, ungakwazi ukufaka izibuko zelanga uma ushayela, futhi uyakwazi ukufaka izibuko zelanga uma uzishutha. Kupholile, izibuko zelanga kulula ukuzithwala. Abesifazane bangafaka izibuko zabo ezikhwameni zikaseyili nasezikhwameni zokuthenga. Uma uyindoda, ungawafaka ephaketheni lesudi. Ungakwazi futhi ukuyibeka emotweni ngenkathi ushayela. Izibuko zelanga zilungele ukusetshenziswa noma kunjalo. Izibuko zemboni yethu kanye namafreyimu abonakalayo ahlolwe ikhwalithi eqinile, futhi sikhiqiza imishini manje, njengasenqubweni yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile sisebenzisaUhlelo Lokwelapha AmanziNgePump, sisebenzisa umshini wokunamathisela we-USB ozenzakalelayo wekhebula ledatha lemikhiqizo kagesi. Sisebenzisa umshini wokuthunga ukwenzaizikhwama ze-canvas tote. Sisebenzisa aumshini wokuhlubula izintambo zekhompyuthaukucubungula izintambo. Ukuze kusetshenziswe amakhona namakhona ohlaka, sisebenzisa umshini wokunamathisela othomathikhi ukuxhuma izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zefreyimu. , Isenza sikwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izindleko, futhi ingakunikeza intengo ephansi.

2.Isimiso sezibuko zelanga

Umphumela wezibuko zelanga

(Izibuko zelanga)

(Izibuko zelanga)

Izibuko zelanga zingavimbela ukukhanya okungakhululekile, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zingavikela amehlo emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Konke lokhu kungenxa yesihlungi se-powder sensimbi, esingase "sikhethe" ukukhanya lapho sikushaya. Izibuko ezinemibala zingamunca ngokukhetha amanye amaza amaza akha imisebe yelanga ngoba zisebenzisa izimpushana zensimbi ezinhle kakhulu (insimbi, ithusi, i-nickel, njll.). Eqinisweni, lapho ukukhanya kushaya ilensi, ukukhanya kuyancishiswa ngokusekelwe kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuphazanyiswa okulimazayo". Okusho ukuthi, lapho amaza okukhanya athile (lapha okubizwa ngokuthi i-ultraviolet a, i-ultraviolet b, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-infrared) edlula ku-lens, azokhanselana ngaphakathi kwelensi ebheke esweni. Ukugqagqana kwamagagasi okukhanya akwenzeki ngephutha: iziqongo zegagasi elilodwa kanye nemisele yamagagasi aseduze kuyahlangana ukuze kukhanselwe. Isenzakalo sokuphazanyiswa okulimazayo sincike kunkomba ye-refractive ye-lens (okungukuthi, izinga lokuchezuka lapho ukukhanya kudlula izinto ezahlukene emoyeni), futhi kuncike futhi ubukhulu be-lens. Ngokuvamile, ubukhulu be-lens abushintshi kakhulu, futhi inkomba ye-refractive ye-lens iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngomehluko ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali. Futhi izibuko zelanga akufanele zihlangane ngqo nelanga.

Izibuko ze-polarized

Ukugqoka izibuko ezipholile

(Izibuko ze-polarized)

Izingilazi ze-polarized zinikeza enye indlela yokuvikela amehlo. Ukukhanya okuveziwe okuvela kumgwaqo wetiyela kuwukukhanya okukhethekile okukhethekile. Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu kukhanya okuveziwe kanye nokukhanya okuvela elangeni ngokuqondile nanoma yimuphi umthombo wokukhanya wokwenziwa usenkingeni yokuhleleka. Ukukhanya kwe-polarized kwakhiwa amagagasi adlidliza aye ohlangothini olulodwa, kuyilapho ukukhanya okuvamile kwenziwa amagagasi adlidliza ngaphandle kokuqondisa. Kufana neqembu labantu abahamba ngokuphithizela kanye neqembu lamasosha elimasha ngokuhlelekile. , Yakha umehluko obukhali. Ngokuvamile, ukukhanya okuveziwe kuwukukhanya okuhlelekile. Amalensi e-polarizing asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeni lokhu kukhanya ngenxa yezindawo zokuhlunga. Lolu hlobo lwamalensi luvumela kuphela amaza ahlukanisiwe adlidliza aye ohlangothini oluthile ukuze adlule, njengokukhanya “kokukama”. Ngezinkinga zokubonisa umgwaqo, ukusetshenziswa kwezibuko ze-polarized kunganciphisa ukudluliswa kokukhanya, ngoba akuvumeli amaza okukhanya adlidliza ngokuhambisana nomgwaqo. Eqinisweni, ama-molecule amade ongqimba lwesihlungi aqondiswe endaweni evundlile futhi angakwazi ukumunca ukukhanya okuvundlile. Ngale ndlela, ukukhanya okuningi okubonisiwe kuyaqedwa, futhi konke ukukhanya kwendawo ezungezile akuncishisiwe, futhi i-polarizer ingabhekana nelanga ngokuqondile.

Izibuko ezishintsha umbala

(Izibuko ezishintsha umbala)

(Izibuko ezishintsha umbala)

(Izibuko ezishintsha umbala)

(Izibuko ezishintsha umbala)

 

(Izibuko ezishintsha umbala)

 

(Izibuko ezishintsha umbala)

Amalensi ezingilazi ezishintsha umbala angaba mnyama ngemva kokungena kwemisebe yelanga. Lapho ukukhanya kuncipha, kwaphinde kwakhanya. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba amakristalu e-halide esiliva ayasebenza. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ingagcina ilensi isobala ngokuphelele. Ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga, isiliva kukristalu liyahlukana, futhi isiliva samahhala sakha ama-aggregate amancane ngaphakathi kwelensi. Lezi zinhlamvu ezincane zesiliva zingamabhulokhi angajwayelekile anamazinyo e-canine. Azikwazi ukudlulisa ukukhanya, kodwa zikwazi ukumunca ukukhanya kuphela. Ngenxa yalokho, i-lens iba mnyama. Lapho ukukhanya kumnyama, ikristalu iyabumba kabusha, futhi ilensi ibuyela esimweni sayo esikhanyayo.

3. Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yezibuko zelanga

Isingeniso

I-pair of sunglasses ibonakala ilula kakhulu, okungukuthi, kunengilazi emibili enemibala noma amashidi epulasitiki epulasitiki ethile noma ifreyimu yensimbi. Ingabe kukhona okulula kunalokhu? Eqinisweni, ama-lens amabili engilazi angenza umehluko omkhulu. Uma usebenzisa izibuko zelanga, lo mehluko uzophinde ube nomthelela omkhulu kuwe.

Imisebenzi

(I-UV ilimaza i-retina)

Imisebe ye-ultraviolet ingalimaza i-cornea ne-retina, futhi izibuko zelanga ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingayiqeda ngokuphelele imisebe ye-ultraviolet.

Lapho iso lithola ukukhanya okukhulu, lizofiphaza ngokwemvelo iris. Lapho i-iris isincipha yafinyelela emkhawulweni wayo, abantu-ke kudingeka banciphe. Uma kusenokukhanya okuningi kakhulu, njengokukhanya kwelanga okuvela eqhweni, kuzolimaza i-retina. Izibuko zelanga ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingase zikhiphe ukukhanya okungafika ku-97% okungena esweni ukugwema umonakalo.

Izindawo ezithile, njengamanzi, zingabonisa ukukhanya okuningi, futhi izindawo ezikhanyayo ezikhiqizwa ngale ndlela zingaphazamisa umugqa wokubona noma ukufihla izinto. Izibuko zelanga zekhwalithi ephezulu zingasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-polarization ukuze ziqede ngokuphelele ukukhanya okunjalo. Sizokwethula ubuchwepheshe be-polarization kamuva.

Amafrikhwensi athile okukhanya azofiphalisa umugqa wokubona, kuyilapho amanye amafrikhwensi okukhanya angathuthukisa ukugqama. Khetha umbala ofanele wezibuko zelanga, ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono endaweni ethile.

Uma izibuko zelanga zingakunikezi isivikelo se-UV, zizokuchaya emisebeni ye-UV eyengeziwe. Izibuko zelanga ezishibhile zihlunga okunye ukukhanya, okwenza iris yakho ivuleke ukuze ithole ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Lokhu kuzophinde kuvumele imisebe ye-ultraviolet eyengeziwe ukuba ingene, okwandisa umonakalo obangelwa imisebe ye-ultraviolet ku-retina.

Ngakho-ke, kukhona ngempela umehluko phakathi kwezibuko zelanga ezihlukahlukene. Ukuze uthole indawo ethile yokusetshenziswa, ukukhetha izibuko zelanga ezifanele nezisezingeni eliphezulu kuzokunikeza ukuvikeleka okukhulu kakhulu.

Ngokwezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, izibuko zelanga zihlukaniswa njengemikhiqizo yokuvikela iso lomuntu siqu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezibuko zelanga ukuvimbela ukukhanya kwelanga. Nokho, izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zihlukanisa izibuko zelanga zibe “izibuko zemfashini” kanye “nezibuko ezisetshenziselwa injongo evamile.” Izidingo zekhwalithi "zesibuko semfashini" esilinganisweni ziphansi kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi “isibuko semfashini” sigxile kakhulu esitayelani, osigqokile unaka ukuhlobisa kunokuvikela. Ezingeni, izimfuneko zekhwalithi “zezibuko zenjongo evamile ziqinile ngokuqhathaniswa, okuhlanganisa nezimfuneko zokuvikelwa kwe-UV, i-diopter ne-prism.

4.Ukuhlukaniswa kwezibuko zelanga

Ukuhlukaniswa ngokusetshenziswa

Izibuko zelanga ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu: izibuko zelanga, izibuko ezinemibala ekhanyayo kanye nezibuko zelanga ezinenhloso ekhethekile.

(izibuko zelanga)

Okubizwa ngokuthi isibuko se-sun-shading, njengoba igama libonisa, isetshenziselwa ukuthungatha. Abantu bavame ukulungisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo ngokulungisa usayizi wabafundi babo elangeni. Lapho amandla okukhanya edlula amandla okulungisa iso lomuntu, kuzodala umonakalo esweni lomuntu. Ngakho-ke, emisebenzini yangaphandle, ikakhulukazi ehlobo, abantu abaningi basebenzisa izibuko ze-sun-shading ukuze bavimbele ilanga ukuze banciphise ukukhathala okubangelwa ukulungiswa kwamehlo noma umonakalo obangelwa ukugqugquzela ukukhanya okunamandla.

(izibuko zelanga ezinombala okhanyayo)

(izibuko zelanga ezinenhloso ekhethekile)

(ama-lens avikelayo angabonakali)

<1> Ilensi evikelayo engabonisi ukukhanya: Lolu hlobo lwamalensi lumbozwe ungqimba oluncane lwe-magnesium fluoride ngaphezulu ukuze luvimbele ukubonakala kokukhanya okuqinile, ukuze ukwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacile futhi ungaphazanyiswa ukukhanya okunamandla. Ukuze uhlole ukuthi izibuko zakho zelanga zisebenzisa ngempela amalensi avikelayo angabonisi, ungakwazi ukukhomba izibuko emthonjeni wokukhanya. Uma ubona ukukhanya okunsomi noma okuluhlaza okotshani, kusho ukuthi amalensi ngempela ambozwe ngefilimu evikelayo evikela ukukhanya.

(amalensi anemibala)

<2> Amalensi anombala: aphinde abizwe ngokuthi “amalensi adayiwe”, kusho ukungeza izinto ezithile zamakhemikhali enqubweni yokukhiqiza yamalensi ukuze enze amalensi abonise imibala ukuze amunce ukukhanya kobude obuthile beza. Lolu wuhlobo lwelensi olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwezibuko zelanga.

(Amalensi apendiwe)

<3> Ilensi ependiwe: Umthelela walolu hlobo lwamalensi uyafana nowelensi enombala, indlela yokuwenza kuphela ehlukile. Kuwukudweba umbala ebusweni be-lens. Eyaziwa kakhulu "i-gradient colored lens", umbala uthi Okuphezulu kujulile, bese kuba lula phansi. Ngokuvamile, izibuko zelanga ezinemiyalelo kaningi zipendwe ngamalensi.

(ama-lens ane-polarized)

<4> Amalensi agqamile: Ukuze kuhlungwe imisebe ekhazimulayo yelanga ekhanya emanzini, ezweni noma eqhweni ngendlela elinganayo, kufakwe isimbozo esikhethekile esiqondile kumalensi, okubizwa ngokuthi amalensi agqamile. Ifaneleka kakhulu emidlalweni yangaphandle (njengemisebenzi yasolwandle, ukushushuluza noma ukudoba).

(amalensi ashintsha umbala)

(Isiqeshana sezibuko zelanga)

(Ilensi yokushayela ebusuku)

Thayipha izici

<1> Ilensi empunga: Ilensi empunga ingakwazi ukumunca noma iyiphi i-spectrum yombala ngokulinganayo, ngakho-ke indawo izoba mnyama kuphela, kodwa ngeke kube khona ukuphambuka okusobala kwechromatic, okubonisa umuzwa wangempela nowemvelo. Kungokwesistimu yemibala engathathi hlangothi.

<2> Amalensi ansundu: hlunga ukukhanya okuningi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okungathuthukisa ukugqama kokubonakalayo nokucaca. Kungcono ukugqoka ngaphansi kokungcoliswa komoya okukhulu noma izimo ezinenkungu. Ngokuvamile, ingakwazi ukuvimba ukukhanya okuvela endaweni ebushelelezi futhi ekhanyayo, futhi ogqokile usengakwazi ukubona izingxenye ezicashile. Kuyisinqumo esihle kubashayeli.

<3> Ilensi eluhlaza: ngenkathi imunca ukukhanya, ikhulisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okufinyelela emehlweni, ngakho iba nomuzwa opholile futhi onethezekile, ofanele abantu abajwayele ukukhathala kwamehlo.

<4> Amalensi aluhlaza nampunga: afana namalensi ampunga, angawamalensi angathathi hlangothi, kodwa umbala ujulile futhi izinga lokumunca ukukhanya elibonakalayo liphezulu.

<5> I-Mercury lens: I-lens surface ithatha i-high-density mirror coating. Amalensi anjalo amunca ukukhanya okubonakalayo okubonakalayo futhi afanele abantu bezemidlalo bangaphandle.

<6> Ilensi ephuzi: Uma sikhuluma ngokuqinile, lolu hlobo lwelensi aluyona ilensi yengilazi yelanga, ngoba ayinciphisi ukukhanya okubonakalayo, kodwa emahoreni anenkungu nokuhwalala, ilensi ephuzi ingathuthukisa ukugqama futhi inikeze umbono onembe kakhudlwana, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi. isibuko sombono wasebusuku. Enye intsha igqoka “izibuko zelanga” ezinamalensi aphuzi njengomhlobiso.

<7> Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo, opinki okhanyayo namanye amalensi: amalensi afanayo ahlobisa kakhulu kunokusebenza.

<8> Ilensi eluhlaza ngokumnyama: Imunca ukushisa futhi ilethe umuzwa opholile, kodwa ukudluliswa kokukhanya nokucaca kuphansi. Ilungele ukugqoka elangeni futhi ayifanele ukushayela.

<9> Ilensi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: Ilensi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingagqokwa uma idlala ogwini. Ilensi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingahlunga ngempumelelo ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuboniswa ulwandle nesibhakabhaka. Kufanele sikugweme ukusebenzisa amalensi aluhlaza uma ushayela, ngoba kuzosenza singakwazi ukuhlukanisa umbala wesiginali yethrafikhi.